1. (a) I shall buy a car this spring or go to Europe next summer (b) Neither Danny nor Virgil came to the party (c) Either Malone or Sutherland didn't want to leave (d) All kittens are lovable (e) John is always not late
2. (i) (The Don is confident ∨ Leporello is frightened) . (Elvira is satisfied ∨ Anna is vengeful). -> The Don is confident or Leporello is frightened and moreover, Elvira is satisfied or Anna is vengeful. (ii) The Don is confident ∨ (Leporello is frightened . Elvira is satisfied) ∨ Anna is vengeful. -> Either the Don is confident or Leporello is frightened and Elvira is satisfied or else Anna is vengeful.
3. Neither the President is happy nor is Congress placated; The President is not happy or Congress is placated.
4. (a) George will cut down a tree . (George will marry Martha ∨ George will die a bachelor) (b) (Abe will not become mayor . city will not prosper) ∨ (Abe will become mayor . Ava will become head of chamber of commerce) (c) (Steve escapes the country ∨ Steve befriends Sally)