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9. (a) Compare the values of the 2nd and 3rd rows; if they are equivalent, then # is commutative. Otherwise, it isn't.
(b) ??
10.
(a) No. Say p = "God exists", but there is actually no God. Many people believe God exists is true. Say p = "oceans are blue", which they are. Many people believe oceans are blue is true. Thus the truth value of the statement depends on more than just the truth-value of its single component.
(b)
(c) Yes; this is simply the "not" connective, whose output depends solely on the truth value of the input.
